The World’s Most Powerful Hydrogen Engine

At the heart of India’s green hydrogen train revolution is its indigenously developed hydrogen engine. Capable of delivering 1200 horsepower, this engine far surpasses global standards, with most hydrogen engines operating at 500 to 600 horsepower. Designed by the Research, Design, and Standard Organisation (RDSO) in Lucknow, this powerful locomotive offers a glimpse into India’s innovative approach to overcoming the challenges posed by varied terrains in rail travel. The RDSO’s efforts ensure that this engine’s performance is both reliable and scalable for broader applications.

“Hydrogen for Heritage” Pilot Project

In 2023, the Indian government unveiled the “Hydrogen for Heritage” project, an initiative that seeks to integrate hydrogen fuel cell trains into India’s heritage and hill routes. The 2023-24 Union Budget has allocated ₹2,800 crore to develop 35 hydrogen-powered trains, with an additional ₹600 crore earmarked for the supporting infrastructure. The project’s first phase will include retrofitting existing Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit (DEMU) trains with green hydrogen fuel cells, a move that is set to revolutionize the way trains are powered in these scenic, often hard-to-reach areas.

The first trial of this hydrogen-powered DEMU train is expected to take place in March 2025 along the Jind-Sonipat route in Haryana. The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai is currently manufacturing the coaches for this pilot train, while infrastructure firms work on setting up the refueling systems and related ground-level infrastructure. With Jhajjar district in Haryana already home to a 1 MW electrolyser plant, the region is poised to supply the green hydrogen needed to fuel these trains, producing around 420 kilograms of hydrogen per day.

The Economics of Hydrogen Trains: Long-Term Benefits

While the initial costs of implementing hydrogen-powered trains might seem high due to the need for advanced technology, green hydrogen production, and new infrastructure, the long-term benefits promise to be substantial. Hydrogen-powered trains offer significant environmental advantages, particularly in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting down on carbon emissions. Additionally, these trains do not require electrified tracks, making them a cost-effective solution for non-electrified routes where the installation of overhead cables would be expensive and time-consuming.

Experts believe that once large-scale operations are in full swing, the costs of producing and using green hydrogen will decrease, making it an even more viable option for the Indian Railways. These efficiencies will result in a more sustainable and economically attractive rail system in the long run.

Aligning with India’s Green Hydrogen Mission

The hydrogen-powered train project is closely aligned with India’s broader National Green Hydrogen Mission, which was approved by the government in January 2023. This mission aims to reduce the country’s dependence on imported fossil fuels and achieve energy independence by 2047, with a focus on producing green hydrogen. With an initial budget of ₹19,744 crore, the mission seeks to bolster domestic green hydrogen production, support related pilot projects, and invest in R&D and infrastructure development.

India’s ambitious goal is to produce five million metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030, with the support of an expanded renewable energy ecosystem and green hydrogen hubs. The National Green Hydrogen Mission is a key element of India’s strategy to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, positioning the country as a leader in clean energy initiatives.

Global Insights and India’s Vision

India’s move towards hydrogen-powered trains mirrors similar efforts being made globally. In Germany, Alstom’s Coradia iLint hydrogen-powered trains have been in commercial operation since 2018, setting a global standard for sustainable rail transport. Other countries like Canada, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and several European nations are also experimenting with hydrogen trains, reflecting a global shift towards cleaner rail options.

In addition, Siemens Mobility’s Mireo Plus H trains, which are capable of traveling up to 1200 kilometers, are already in use in regions like Berlin-Brandenburg and Bavaria. These international developments indicate a clear trend in rail transport towards hydrogen as a cleaner alternative to traditional diesel.

A Clean Path Forward for India

India’s hydrogen-powered train initiative is a bold step towards a more sustainable and efficient future. The successful implementation of this project will not only reduce the country’s carbon footprint but also help it move closer to its goals of energy independence and net-zero emissions.

As trial runs along the Jind-Sonipat route and other parts of India begin, the country is poised to set a new global benchmark for eco-friendly transportation. With ongoing investments in technology, infrastructure, and local manufacturing, India’s green hydrogen-powered trains could lead the way in transforming the global rail industry, ensuring that future generations enjoy a cleaner, more sustainable transport system.

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This year’s ranking places APSEZ in the 97th percentile within its sector, an enhancement from the 96th percentile it attained in 2023, according to a company statement released on Wednesday.

Notably, for the second consecutive year, APSEZ clinched the top position in the “Environment” dimension of the CSA. The company also excelled in several key areas across the Social, Governance, and Economic dimensions. These included high scores in Transparency and Reporting, Materiality, Supply Chain Management, Information Security/Cybersecurity, System Availability, and Customer Relations.

Ashwini Gupta, the Whole-Time Director and CEO of APSEZ, emphasized the company’s commitment to responsible business practices. He stated, “We firmly believe responsible business practices drive innovation and long-term success. The latest recognition only reflects our commitment to sustainability and corporate responsibility.” Gupta added that the company’s success in integrating sustainability across its operations has been integral to this achievement, and reiterated APSEZ’s commitment to reaching its Net Zero target by 2040.

As of December 31, 2024, 60% of the 318 companies in the transport and transport infrastructure sector were assessed as part of the CSA 2024.

About APSEZ

Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd (APSEZ), part of the globally diversified Adani Group, has evolved from a port operator to an Integrated Transport Utility. With 15 strategically located ports and terminals across India’s west and east coasts, APSEZ handles a significant portion of the country’s total port volumes, accounting for 27% of the national total.

In addition to its operations in India, APSEZ is actively developing international ventures, including a transhipment port in Colombo, Sri Lanka, operating the Haifa Port in Israel, and managing Container Terminal 2 at the Dar Es Salaam Port in Tanzania.

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